diff --git a/beets/library.py b/beets/library.py
index 8d95561f7..35b763321 100644
--- a/beets/library.py
+++ b/beets/library.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import unicodedata
 import time
 import re
 from unidecode import unidecode
+import platform
 
 from beets import logging
 from beets.mediafile import MediaFile, MutagenError, UnreadableFileError
@@ -42,30 +43,44 @@ log = logging.getLogger('beets')
 # Library-specific query types.
 
 class PathQuery(dbcore.FieldQuery):
-    """A query that matches all items under a given path."""
+    """A query that matches all items under a given path.
+
+    On Windows paths are case-insensitive, contratly to UNIX platforms.
+    """
 
     escape_re = re.compile(r'[\\_%]')
     escape_char = b'\\'
 
+    _is_windows = platform.system() == 'Windows'
+
     def __init__(self, field, pattern, fast=True):
         super(PathQuery, self).__init__(field, pattern, fast)
 
+        if self._is_windows:
+            pattern = pattern.lower()
+
         # Match the path as a single file.
         self.file_path = util.bytestring_path(util.normpath(pattern))
         # As a directory (prefix).
         self.dir_path = util.bytestring_path(os.path.join(self.file_path, b''))
 
     def match(self, item):
-        return (item.path == self.file_path) or \
-            item.path.startswith(self.dir_path)
+        path = item.path.lower() if self._is_windows else item.path
+        return (path == self.file_path) or path.startswith(self.dir_path)
 
     def col_clause(self):
+        file_blob = buffer(self.file_path)
+
+        if not self._is_windows:
+            dir_blob = buffer(self.dir_path)
+            return '({0} = ?) || (instr({0}, ?) = 1)'.format(self.field), \
+                   (file_blob, dir_blob)
+
         escape = lambda m: self.escape_char + m.group(0)
         dir_pattern = self.escape_re.sub(escape, self.dir_path)
-        dir_pattern = buffer(dir_pattern + b'%')
-        file_blob = buffer(self.file_path)
+        dir_blob = buffer(dir_pattern + b'%')
         return '({0} = ?) || ({0} LIKE ? ESCAPE ?)'.format(self.field), \
-               (file_blob, dir_pattern, self.escape_char)
+               (file_blob, dir_blob, self.escape_char)
 
 
 # Library-specific field types.
diff --git a/test/test_query.py b/test/test_query.py
index a9b1058bd..c6aec6185 100644
--- a/test/test_query.py
+++ b/test/test_query.py
@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@
 from __future__ import (division, absolute_import, print_function,
                         unicode_literals)
 
+from mock import patch
+
 from test import _common
 from test._common import unittest
 from test import helper
@@ -461,6 +463,17 @@ class PathQueryTest(_common.LibTestCase, TestHelper, AssertsMixin):
         results = self.lib.albums(q)
         self.assert_albums_matched(results, ['album with backslash'])
 
+    def test_case_sensitivity(self):
+        self.add_album(path='/A/B/C2.mp3', title='caps path')
+        q = b'path:/A/B'
+        with patch('beets.library.PathQuery._is_windows', False):
+            results = self.lib.items(q)
+            self.assert_items_matched(results, ['caps path'])
+
+        with patch('beets.library.PathQuery._is_windows', True):
+            results = self.lib.items(q)
+            self.assert_items_matched(results, ['path item', 'caps path'])
+
 
 class IntQueryTest(unittest.TestCase, TestHelper):