diff --git a/.git-blame-ignore-revs b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
index 11842573f..c8cb065f5 100644
--- a/.git-blame-ignore-revs
+++ b/.git-blame-ignore-revs
@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@ f36bc497c8c8f89004f3f6879908d3f0b25123e1
 c490ac5810b70f3cf5fd8649669838e8fdb19f4d
 # Importer restructure
 9147577b2b19f43ca827e9650261a86fb0450cef
+# Move functionality under MusicBrainz plugin
+529aaac7dced71266c6d69866748a7d044ec20ff
+# musicbrainz: reorder methods
+5dc6f45110b99f0cc8dbb94251f9b1f6d69583fa
 # Copy paste query, types from library to dbcore
 1a045c91668c771686f4c871c84f1680af2e944b
 # Library restructure (split library.py into multiple modules)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
index bfd05c718..520a368ef 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yaml
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ jobs:
       - if: ${{ env.IS_MAIN_PYTHON != 'true' }}
         name: Test without coverage
         run: |
-          poetry install --without=lint --extras=autobpm --extras=lyrics --extras=replaygain --extras=reflink --extras=fetchart --extras=chroma --extras=sonosupdate
+          poetry install --without=lint --extras=autobpm --extras=lyrics --extras=replaygain --extras=reflink --extras=fetchart --extras=chroma --extras=sonosupdate --extras=parentwork
           poe test
 
       - if: ${{ env.IS_MAIN_PYTHON == 'true' }}
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ jobs:
         env:
           LYRICS_UPDATED: ${{ steps.lyrics-update.outputs.any_changed }}
         run: |
-          poetry install --extras=autobpm --extras=lyrics --extras=docs --extras=replaygain --extras=reflink --extras=fetchart --extras=chroma --extras=sonosupdate
+          poetry install --extras=autobpm --extras=lyrics --extras=docs --extras=replaygain --extras=reflink --extras=fetchart --extras=chroma --extras=sonosupdate --extras=parentwork
           poe docs
           poe test-with-coverage
 
diff --git a/beetsplug/_utils/requests.py b/beetsplug/_utils/requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1cb4f6c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/beetsplug/_utils/requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import atexit
+import threading
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from functools import cached_property
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Generic, Protocol, TypeVar
+
+import requests
+from requests.adapters import HTTPAdapter
+from urllib3.util.retry import Retry
+
+from beets import __version__
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterator
+
+
+class BeetsHTTPError(requests.exceptions.HTTPError):
+    STATUS: ClassVar[HTTPStatus]
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        super().__init__(
+            f"HTTP Error: {self.STATUS.value} {self.STATUS.phrase}",
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+
+class HTTPNotFoundError(BeetsHTTPError):
+    STATUS = HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND
+
+
+class Closeable(Protocol):
+    """Protocol for objects that have a close method."""
+
+    def close(self) -> None: ...
+
+
+C = TypeVar("C", bound=Closeable)
+
+
+class SingletonMeta(type, Generic[C]):
+    """Metaclass ensuring a single shared instance per class.
+
+    Creates one instance per class type on first instantiation, reusing it
+    for all subsequent calls. Automatically registers cleanup on program exit
+    for proper resource management.
+    """
+
+    _instances: ClassVar[dict[type[Any], Any]] = {}
+    _lock: ClassVar[threading.Lock] = threading.Lock()
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> C:
+        if cls not in cls._instances:
+            with cls._lock:
+                if cls not in SingletonMeta._instances:
+                    instance = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs)
+                    SingletonMeta._instances[cls] = instance
+                    atexit.register(instance.close)
+        return SingletonMeta._instances[cls]
+
+
+class TimeoutAndRetrySession(requests.Session, metaclass=SingletonMeta):
+    """HTTP session with sensible defaults.
+
+    * default beets User-Agent header
+    * default request timeout
+    * automatic retries on transient connection errors
+    * raises exceptions for HTTP error status codes
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.headers["User-Agent"] = f"beets/{__version__} https://beets.io/"
+
+        retry = Retry(connect=2, total=2, backoff_factor=1)
+        adapter = HTTPAdapter(max_retries=retry)
+        self.mount("https://", adapter)
+        self.mount("http://", adapter)
+
+    def request(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Execute HTTP request with automatic timeout and status validation.
+
+        Ensures all requests have a timeout (defaults to 10 seconds) and raises
+        an exception for HTTP error status codes.
+        """
+        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", 10)
+        r = super().request(*args, **kwargs)
+        r.raise_for_status()
+
+        return r
+
+
+class RequestHandler:
+    """Manages HTTP requests with custom error handling and session management.
+
+    Provides a reusable interface for making HTTP requests with automatic
+    conversion of standard HTTP errors to beets-specific exceptions. Supports
+    custom session types and error mappings that can be overridden by
+    subclasses.
+
+    Usage:
+        Subclass and override :class:`RequestHandler.session_type`,
+        :class:`RequestHandler.explicit_http_errors` or
+        :class:`RequestHandler.status_to_error()` to customize behavior.
+
+        Use
+        * :class:`RequestHandler.get_json()` to get JSON response data
+        * :class:`RequestHandler.get()` to get HTTP response object
+        * :class:`RequestHandler.request()` to invoke arbitrary HTTP methods
+
+        Feel free to define common methods that are used in multiple plugins.
+    """
+
+    explicit_http_errors: ClassVar[list[type[BeetsHTTPError]]] = [
+        HTTPNotFoundError
+    ]
+
+    def create_session(self) -> TimeoutAndRetrySession:
+        """Create a new HTTP session instance.
+
+        Can be overridden by subclasses to provide custom session types.
+        """
+        return TimeoutAndRetrySession()
+
+    @cached_property
+    def session(self) -> TimeoutAndRetrySession:
+        """Lazily initialize and cache the HTTP session."""
+        return self.create_session()
+
+    def status_to_error(
+        self, code: int
+    ) -> type[requests.exceptions.HTTPError] | None:
+        """Map HTTP status codes to beets-specific exception types.
+
+        Searches the configured explicit HTTP errors for a matching status code.
+        Returns None if no specific error type is registered for the given code.
+        """
+        return next(
+            (e for e in self.explicit_http_errors if e.STATUS == code), None
+        )
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def handle_http_error(self) -> Iterator[None]:
+        """Convert standard HTTP errors to beets-specific exceptions.
+
+        Wraps operations that may raise HTTPError, automatically translating
+        recognized status codes into their corresponding beets exception types.
+        Unrecognized errors are re-raised unchanged.
+        """
+        try:
+            yield
+        except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
+            if beets_error := self.status_to_error(e.response.status_code):
+                raise beets_error(response=e.response) from e
+            raise
+
+    def request(self, *args, **kwargs) -> requests.Response:
+        """Perform HTTP request using the session with automatic error handling.
+
+        Delegates to the underlying session method while converting recognized
+        HTTP errors to beets-specific exceptions through the error handler.
+        """
+        with self.handle_http_error():
+            return self.session.request(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get(self, *args, **kwargs) -> requests.Response:
+        """Perform HTTP GET request with automatic error handling."""
+        return self.request("get", *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def get_json(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Fetch and parse JSON data from an HTTP endpoint."""
+        return self.get(*args, **kwargs).json()
diff --git a/beetsplug/lyrics.py b/beetsplug/lyrics.py
index 677467776..d6e14c175 100644
--- a/beetsplug/lyrics.py
+++ b/beetsplug/lyrics.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import atexit
 import itertools
 import math
 import re
@@ -25,7 +24,6 @@ from contextlib import contextmanager, suppress
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from functools import cached_property, partial, total_ordering
 from html import unescape
-from http import HTTPStatus
 from itertools import groupby
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NamedTuple
@@ -36,14 +34,17 @@ import requests
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
 from unidecode import unidecode
 
-import beets
 from beets import plugins, ui
 from beets.autotag.distance import string_dist
 from beets.util.config import sanitize_choices
 
+from ._utils.requests import HTTPNotFoundError, RequestHandler
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Iterable, Iterator
 
+    import confuse
+
     from beets.importer import ImportTask
     from beets.library import Item, Library
     from beets.logging import BeetsLogger as Logger
@@ -56,41 +57,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
         TranslatorAPI,
     )
 
-USER_AGENT = f"beets/{beets.__version__}"
 INSTRUMENTAL_LYRICS = "[Instrumental]"
 
 
-class NotFoundError(requests.exceptions.HTTPError):
-    pass
-
-
 class CaptchaError(requests.exceptions.HTTPError):
-    pass
-
-
-class TimeoutSession(requests.Session):
-    def request(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        """Wrap the request method to raise an exception on HTTP errors."""
-        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", 10)
-        r = super().request(*args, **kwargs)
-        if r.status_code == HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND:
-            raise NotFoundError("HTTP Error: Not Found", response=r)
-        if 300 <= r.status_code < 400:
-            raise CaptchaError("Captcha is required", response=r)
-
-        r.raise_for_status()
-
-        return r
-
-
-r_session = TimeoutSession()
-r_session.headers.update({"User-Agent": USER_AGENT})
-
-
-@atexit.register
-def close_session():
-    """Close the requests session on shut down."""
-    r_session.close()
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        super().__init__("Captcha is required", *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 # Utilities.
@@ -186,9 +158,18 @@ def slug(text: str) -> str:
     return re.sub(r"\W+", "-", unidecode(text).lower().strip()).strip("-")
 
 
-class RequestHandler:
+class LyricsRequestHandler(RequestHandler):
     _log: Logger
 
+    def status_to_error(self, code: int) -> type[requests.HTTPError] | None:
+        if err := super().status_to_error(code):
+            return err
+
+        if 300 <= code < 400:
+            return CaptchaError
+
+        return None
+
     def debug(self, message: str, *args) -> None:
         """Log a debug message with the class name."""
         self._log.debug(f"{self.__class__.__name__}: {message}", *args)
@@ -208,7 +189,7 @@ class RequestHandler:
 
         return f"{url}?{urlencode(params)}"
 
-    def fetch_text(
+    def get_text(
         self, url: str, params: JSONDict | None = None, **kwargs
     ) -> str:
         """Return text / HTML data from the given URL.
@@ -218,21 +199,21 @@ class RequestHandler:
         """
         url = self.format_url(url, params)
         self.debug("Fetching HTML from {}", url)
-        r = r_session.get(url, **kwargs)
+        r = self.get(url, **kwargs)
         r.encoding = None
         return r.text
 
-    def fetch_json(self, url: str, params: JSONDict | None = None, **kwargs):
+    def get_json(self, url: str, params: JSONDict | None = None, **kwargs):
         """Return JSON data from the given URL."""
         url = self.format_url(url, params)
         self.debug("Fetching JSON from {}", url)
-        return r_session.get(url, **kwargs).json()
+        return super().get_json(url, **kwargs)
 
     def post_json(self, url: str, params: JSONDict | None = None, **kwargs):
         """Send POST request and return JSON response."""
         url = self.format_url(url, params)
         self.debug("Posting JSON to {}", url)
-        return r_session.post(url, **kwargs).json()
+        return self.request("post", url, **kwargs).json()
 
     @contextmanager
     def handle_request(self) -> Iterator[None]:
@@ -251,8 +232,10 @@ class BackendClass(type):
         return cls.__name__.lower()
 
 
-class Backend(RequestHandler, metaclass=BackendClass):
-    def __init__(self, config, log):
+class Backend(LyricsRequestHandler, metaclass=BackendClass):
+    config: confuse.Subview
+
+    def __init__(self, config: confuse.Subview, log: Logger) -> None:
         self._log = log
         self.config = config
 
@@ -356,10 +339,10 @@ class LRCLib(Backend):
         if album:
             get_params["album_name"] = album
 
-        yield self.fetch_json(self.SEARCH_URL, params=base_params)
+        yield self.get_json(self.SEARCH_URL, params=base_params)
 
-        with suppress(NotFoundError):
-            yield [self.fetch_json(self.GET_URL, params=get_params)]
+        with suppress(HTTPNotFoundError):
+            yield [self.get_json(self.GET_URL, params=get_params)]
 
     @classmethod
     def pick_best_match(cls, lyrics: Iterable[LRCLyrics]) -> LRCLyrics | None:
@@ -407,7 +390,7 @@ class MusiXmatch(Backend):
     def fetch(self, artist: str, title: str, *_) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
         url = self.build_url(artist, title)
 
-        html = self.fetch_text(url)
+        html = self.get_text(url)
         if "We detected that your IP is blocked" in html:
             self.warn("Failed: Blocked IP address")
             return None
@@ -532,7 +515,7 @@ class SearchBackend(SoupMixin, Backend):
     def fetch(self, artist: str, title: str, *_) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
         """Fetch lyrics for the given artist and title."""
         for result in self.get_results(artist, title):
-            if (html := self.fetch_text(result.url)) and (
+            if (html := self.get_text(result.url)) and (
                 lyrics := self.scrape(html)
             ):
                 return lyrics, result.url
@@ -562,7 +545,7 @@ class Genius(SearchBackend):
         return {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.config['genius_api_key']}"}
 
     def search(self, artist: str, title: str) -> Iterable[SearchResult]:
-        search_data: GeniusAPI.Search = self.fetch_json(
+        search_data: GeniusAPI.Search = self.get_json(
             self.SEARCH_URL,
             params={"q": f"{artist} {title}"},
             headers=self.headers,
@@ -591,7 +574,7 @@ class Tekstowo(SearchBackend):
         return self.SEARCH_URL.format(quote_plus(unidecode(artistitle)))
 
     def search(self, artist: str, title: str) -> Iterable[SearchResult]:
-        if html := self.fetch_text(self.build_url(title, artist)):
+        if html := self.get_text(self.build_url(title, artist)):
             soup = self.get_soup(html)
             for tag in soup.select("div[class=flex-group] > a[title*=' - ']"):
                 artist, title = str(tag["title"]).split(" - ", 1)
@@ -657,12 +640,12 @@ class Google(SearchBackend):
         html = Html.remove_ads(super().pre_process_html(html))
         return Html.remove_formatting(Html.merge_paragraphs(html))
 
-    def fetch_text(self, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
+    def get_text(self, *args, **kwargs) -> str:
         """Handle an error so that we can continue with the next URL."""
         kwargs.setdefault("allow_redirects", False)
         with self.handle_request():
             try:
-                return super().fetch_text(*args, **kwargs)
+                return super().get_text(*args, **kwargs)
             except CaptchaError:
                 self.ignored_domains.add(urlparse(args[0]).netloc)
                 raise
@@ -718,7 +701,7 @@ class Google(SearchBackend):
             "excludeTerms": ", ".join(self.EXCLUDE_PAGES),
         }
 
-        data: GoogleCustomSearchAPI.Response = self.fetch_json(
+        data: GoogleCustomSearchAPI.Response = self.get_json(
             self.SEARCH_URL, params=params
         )
         for item in data.get("items", []):
@@ -743,7 +726,7 @@ class Google(SearchBackend):
 
 
 @dataclass
-class Translator(RequestHandler):
+class Translator(LyricsRequestHandler):
     TRANSLATE_URL = "https://api.cognitive.microsofttranslator.com/translate"
     LINE_PARTS_RE = re.compile(r"^(\[\d\d:\d\d.\d\d\]|) *(.*)$")
     SEPARATOR = " | "
@@ -953,7 +936,7 @@ class RestFiles:
         ui.print_(textwrap.dedent(text))
 
 
-class LyricsPlugin(RequestHandler, plugins.BeetsPlugin):
+class LyricsPlugin(LyricsRequestHandler, plugins.BeetsPlugin):
     BACKEND_BY_NAME = {
         b.name: b for b in [LRCLib, Google, Genius, Tekstowo, MusiXmatch]
     }
diff --git a/beetsplug/mbpseudo.py b/beetsplug/mbpseudo.py
index 9cfa99969..94b6f09a0 100644
--- a/beetsplug/mbpseudo.py
+++ b/beetsplug/mbpseudo.py
@@ -17,12 +17,10 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import itertools
-import traceback
 from copy import deepcopy
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
 import mediafile
-import musicbrainzngs
 from typing_extensions import override
 
 from beets import config
@@ -32,8 +30,6 @@ from beets.autotag.match import assign_items
 from beets.plugins import find_plugins
 from beets.util.id_extractors import extract_release_id
 from beetsplug.musicbrainz import (
-    RELEASE_INCLUDES,
-    MusicBrainzAPIError,
     MusicBrainzPlugin,
     _merge_pseudo_and_actual_album,
     _preferred_alias,
@@ -53,8 +49,6 @@ class MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin(MusicBrainzPlugin):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         super().__init__()
 
-        self._release_getter = musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id
-
         self.config.add(
             {
                 "scripts": [],
@@ -143,33 +137,25 @@ class MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin(MusicBrainzPlugin):
 
         if release.get("status") == _STATUS_PSEUDO:
             return official_release
-        elif pseudo_release_ids := self._intercept_mb_release(release):
-            album_id = self._extract_id(pseudo_release_ids[0])
-            try:
-                raw_pseudo_release = self._release_getter(
-                    album_id, RELEASE_INCLUDES
-                )["release"]
-                pseudo_release = super().album_info(raw_pseudo_release)
 
-                if self.config["custom_tags_only"].get(bool):
-                    self._replace_artist_with_alias(
-                        raw_pseudo_release, pseudo_release
-                    )
-                    self._add_custom_tags(official_release, pseudo_release)
-                    return official_release
-                else:
-                    return PseudoAlbumInfo(
-                        pseudo_release=_merge_pseudo_and_actual_album(
-                            pseudo_release, official_release
-                        ),
-                        official_release=official_release,
-                    )
-            except musicbrainzngs.MusicBrainzError as exc:
-                raise MusicBrainzAPIError(
-                    exc,
-                    "get pseudo-release by ID",
-                    album_id,
-                    traceback.format_exc(),
+        if (ids := self._intercept_mb_release(release)) and (
+            album_id := self._extract_id(ids[0])
+        ):
+            raw_pseudo_release = self.api.get_release(album_id)
+            pseudo_release = super().album_info(raw_pseudo_release)
+
+            if self.config["custom_tags_only"].get(bool):
+                self._replace_artist_with_alias(
+                    raw_pseudo_release, pseudo_release
+                )
+                self._add_custom_tags(official_release, pseudo_release)
+                return official_release
+            else:
+                return PseudoAlbumInfo(
+                    pseudo_release=_merge_pseudo_and_actual_album(
+                        pseudo_release, official_release
+                    ),
+                    official_release=official_release,
                 )
         else:
             return official_release
@@ -181,7 +167,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin(MusicBrainzPlugin):
 
         return [
             pr_id
-            for rel in data.get("release-relation-list", [])
+            for rel in data.get("release-relations", [])
             if (pr_id := self._wanted_pseudo_release_id(album_id, rel))
             is not None
         ]
@@ -234,7 +220,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin(MusicBrainzPlugin):
             "artist-credit", []
         )
         aliases = [
-            artist_credit.get("artist", {}).get("alias-list", [])
+            artist_credit.get("artist", {}).get("aliases", [])
             for artist_credit in artist_credits
         ]
 
@@ -247,7 +233,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin(MusicBrainzPlugin):
                 aliases_flattened,
             )
             if alias_dict := _preferred_alias(aliases_flattened, [locale]):
-                if alias := alias_dict.get("alias"):
+                if alias := alias_dict.get("name"):
                     self._log.debug("Got alias '{0}'", alias)
                     pseudo_release.artist = alias
                     for track in pseudo_release.tracks:
diff --git a/beetsplug/musicbrainz.py b/beetsplug/musicbrainz.py
index 231a045b7..221afea71 100644
--- a/beetsplug/musicbrainz.py
+++ b/beetsplug/musicbrainz.py
@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import traceback
+import operator
 from collections import Counter
 from contextlib import suppress
-from functools import cached_property
-from itertools import product
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import cached_property, singledispatchmethod
+from itertools import groupby, product
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 from urllib.parse import urljoin
 
-import musicbrainzngs
 from confuse.exceptions import NotFoundError
+from requests_ratelimiter import LimiterMixin
 
 import beets
 import beets.autotag.hooks
@@ -34,6 +35,12 @@ from beets.metadata_plugins import MetadataSourcePlugin
 from beets.util.deprecation import deprecate_for_user
 from beets.util.id_extractors import extract_release_id
 
+from ._utils.requests import (
+    HTTPNotFoundError,
+    RequestHandler,
+    TimeoutAndRetrySession,
+)
+
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
     from typing import Literal
@@ -57,56 +64,33 @@ FIELDS_TO_MB_KEYS = {
     "year": "date",
 }
 
-musicbrainzngs.set_useragent("beets", beets.__version__, "https://beets.io/")
 
+RELEASE_INCLUDES = [
+    "artists",
+    "media",
+    "recordings",
+    "release-groups",
+    "labels",
+    "artist-credits",
+    "aliases",
+    "recording-level-rels",
+    "work-rels",
+    "work-level-rels",
+    "artist-rels",
+    "isrcs",
+    "url-rels",
+    "release-rels",
+    "genres",
+    "tags",
+]
 
-class MusicBrainzAPIError(util.HumanReadableError):
-    """An error while talking to MusicBrainz. The `query` field is the
-    parameter to the action and may have any type.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, reason, verb, query, tb=None):
-        self.query = query
-        if isinstance(reason, musicbrainzngs.WebServiceError):
-            reason = "MusicBrainz not reachable"
-        super().__init__(reason, verb, tb)
-
-    def get_message(self):
-        return f"{self._reasonstr()} in {self.verb} with query {self.query!r}"
-
-
-RELEASE_INCLUDES = list(
-    {
-        "artists",
-        "media",
-        "recordings",
-        "release-groups",
-        "labels",
-        "artist-credits",
-        "aliases",
-        "recording-level-rels",
-        "work-rels",
-        "work-level-rels",
-        "artist-rels",
-        "isrcs",
-        "url-rels",
-        "release-rels",
-        "genres",
-        "tags",
-    }
-    & set(musicbrainzngs.VALID_INCLUDES["release"])
-)
-
-TRACK_INCLUDES = list(
-    {
-        "artists",
-        "aliases",
-        "isrcs",
-        "work-level-rels",
-        "artist-rels",
-    }
-    & set(musicbrainzngs.VALID_INCLUDES["recording"])
-)
+TRACK_INCLUDES = [
+    "artists",
+    "aliases",
+    "isrcs",
+    "work-level-rels",
+    "artist-rels",
+]
 
 BROWSE_INCLUDES = [
     "artist-credits",
@@ -115,18 +99,95 @@ BROWSE_INCLUDES = [
     "recording-rels",
     "release-rels",
 ]
-if "work-level-rels" in musicbrainzngs.VALID_BROWSE_INCLUDES["recording"]:
-    BROWSE_INCLUDES.append("work-level-rels")
 BROWSE_CHUNKSIZE = 100
 BROWSE_MAXTRACKS = 500
 
 
+class LimiterTimeoutSession(LimiterMixin, TimeoutAndRetrySession):
+    pass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MusicBrainzAPI(RequestHandler):
+    api_host: str
+    rate_limit: float
+
+    def create_session(self) -> LimiterTimeoutSession:
+        return LimiterTimeoutSession(per_second=self.rate_limit)
+
+    def get_entity(
+        self, entity: str, inc_list: list[str] | None = None, **kwargs
+    ) -> JSONDict:
+        if inc_list:
+            kwargs["inc"] = "+".join(inc_list)
+
+        return self._group_relations(
+            self.get_json(
+                f"{self.api_host}/ws/2/{entity}",
+                params={**kwargs, "fmt": "json"},
+            )
+        )
+
+    def get_release(self, id_: str) -> JSONDict:
+        return self.get_entity(f"release/{id_}", inc_list=RELEASE_INCLUDES)
+
+    def get_recording(self, id_: str) -> JSONDict:
+        return self.get_entity(f"recording/{id_}", inc_list=TRACK_INCLUDES)
+
+    def browse_recordings(self, **kwargs) -> list[JSONDict]:
+        kwargs.setdefault("limit", BROWSE_CHUNKSIZE)
+        kwargs.setdefault("inc_list", BROWSE_INCLUDES)
+        return self.get_entity("recording", **kwargs)["recordings"]
+
+    @singledispatchmethod
+    @classmethod
+    def _group_relations(cls, data: Any) -> Any:
+        """Normalize MusicBrainz 'relations' into type-keyed fields recursively.
+
+        This helper rewrites payloads that use a generic 'relations' list into
+        a structure that is easier to consume downstream. When a mapping
+        contains 'relations', those entries are regrouped by their 'target-type'
+        and stored under keys like '<target-type>-relations'. The original
+        'relations' key is removed to avoid ambiguous access patterns.
+
+        The transformation is applied recursively so that nested objects and
+        sequences are normalized consistently, while non-container values are
+        left unchanged.
+        """
+        return data
+
+    @_group_relations.register(list)
+    @classmethod
+    def _(cls, data: list[Any]) -> list[Any]:
+        return [cls._group_relations(i) for i in data]
+
+    @_group_relations.register(dict)
+    @classmethod
+    def _(cls, data: JSONDict) -> JSONDict:
+        for k, v in list(data.items()):
+            if k == "relations":
+                get_target_type = operator.methodcaller("get", "target-type")
+                for target_type, group in groupby(
+                    sorted(v, key=get_target_type), get_target_type
+                ):
+                    relations = [
+                        {k: v for k, v in item.items() if k != "target-type"}
+                        for item in group
+                    ]
+                    data[f"{target_type}-relations"] = cls._group_relations(
+                        relations
+                    )
+                data.pop("relations")
+            else:
+                data[k] = cls._group_relations(v)
+        return data
+
+
 def _preferred_alias(
     aliases: list[JSONDict], languages: list[str] | None = None
 ) -> JSONDict | None:
     """Given a list of alias structures for an artist credit, select
     and return the user's preferred alias or None if no matching
-    alias is found.
     """
     if not aliases:
         return None
@@ -149,8 +210,8 @@ def _preferred_alias(
         for alias in valid_aliases:
             if (
                 alias["locale"] == locale
-                and "primary" in alias
-                and alias.get("type", "").lower() not in ignored_alias_types
+                and alias.get("primary")
+                and (alias.get("type") or "").lower() not in ignored_alias_types
             ):
                 matches.append(alias)
 
@@ -174,36 +235,33 @@ def _multi_artist_credit(
     artist_sort_parts = []
     artist_credit_parts = []
     for el in credit:
-        if isinstance(el, str):
-            # Join phrase.
-            if include_join_phrase:
-                artist_parts.append(el)
-                artist_credit_parts.append(el)
-                artist_sort_parts.append(el)
+        alias = _preferred_alias(el["artist"].get("aliases", ()))
 
+        # An artist.
+        if alias:
+            cur_artist_name = alias["name"]
         else:
-            alias = _preferred_alias(el["artist"].get("alias-list", ()))
+            cur_artist_name = el["artist"]["name"]
+        artist_parts.append(cur_artist_name)
 
-            # An artist.
-            if alias:
-                cur_artist_name = alias["alias"]
-            else:
-                cur_artist_name = el["artist"]["name"]
-            artist_parts.append(cur_artist_name)
+        # Artist sort name.
+        if alias:
+            artist_sort_parts.append(alias["sort-name"])
+        elif "sort-name" in el["artist"]:
+            artist_sort_parts.append(el["artist"]["sort-name"])
+        else:
+            artist_sort_parts.append(cur_artist_name)
 
-            # Artist sort name.
-            if alias:
-                artist_sort_parts.append(alias["sort-name"])
-            elif "sort-name" in el["artist"]:
-                artist_sort_parts.append(el["artist"]["sort-name"])
-            else:
-                artist_sort_parts.append(cur_artist_name)
+        # Artist credit.
+        if "name" in el:
+            artist_credit_parts.append(el["name"])
+        else:
+            artist_credit_parts.append(cur_artist_name)
 
-            # Artist credit.
-            if "name" in el:
-                artist_credit_parts.append(el["name"])
-            else:
-                artist_credit_parts.append(cur_artist_name)
+        if include_join_phrase and (joinphrase := el.get("joinphrase")):
+            artist_parts.append(joinphrase)
+            artist_sort_parts.append(joinphrase)
+            artist_credit_parts.append(joinphrase)
 
     return (
         artist_parts,
@@ -273,9 +331,9 @@ def _preferred_release_event(
     ].as_str_seq()
 
     for country in preferred_countries:
-        for event in release.get("release-event-list", {}):
+        for event in release.get("release-events", {}):
             try:
-                if country in event["area"]["iso-3166-1-code-list"]:
+                if country in event["area"]["iso-3166-1-codes"]:
                     return country, event["date"]
             except KeyError:
                 pass
@@ -307,30 +365,6 @@ def _set_date_str(
                 setattr(info, key, date_num)
 
 
-def _is_translation(r):
-    _trans_key = "transl-tracklisting"
-    return r["type"] == _trans_key and r["direction"] == "backward"
-
-
-def _find_actual_release_from_pseudo_release(
-    pseudo_rel: JSONDict,
-) -> JSONDict | None:
-    try:
-        relations = pseudo_rel["release"]["release-relation-list"]
-    except KeyError:
-        return None
-
-    # currently we only support trans(liter)ation's
-    translations = [r for r in relations if _is_translation(r)]
-
-    if not translations:
-        return None
-
-    actual_id = translations[0]["target"]
-
-    return musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id(actual_id, RELEASE_INCLUDES)
-
-
 def _merge_pseudo_and_actual_album(
     pseudo: beets.autotag.hooks.AlbumInfo, actual: beets.autotag.hooks.AlbumInfo
 ) -> beets.autotag.hooks.AlbumInfo:
@@ -374,7 +408,21 @@ def _merge_pseudo_and_actual_album(
 class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
     @cached_property
     def genres_field(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.config['genres_tag'].as_choice(['genre', 'tag'])}-list"
+        return f"{self.config['genres_tag'].as_choice(['genre', 'tag'])}s"
+
+    @cached_property
+    def api(self) -> MusicBrainzAPI:
+        hostname = self.config["host"].as_str()
+        if hostname == "musicbrainz.org":
+            hostname, rate_limit = "https://musicbrainz.org", 1.0
+        else:
+            https = self.config["https"].get(bool)
+            hostname = f"http{'s' if https else ''}://{hostname}"
+            rate_limit = (
+                self.config["ratelimit"].get(int)
+                / self.config["ratelimit_interval"].as_number()
+            )
+        return MusicBrainzAPI(hostname, rate_limit)
 
     def __init__(self):
         """Set up the python-musicbrainz-ngs module according to settings
@@ -409,16 +457,6 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
                 "'musicbrainz.searchlimit' configuration option",
                 "'musicbrainz.search_limit'",
             )
-        hostname = self.config["host"].as_str()
-        https = self.config["https"].get(bool)
-        # Only call set_hostname when a custom server is configured. Since
-        # musicbrainz-ngs connects to musicbrainz.org with HTTPS by default
-        if hostname != "musicbrainz.org":
-            musicbrainzngs.set_hostname(hostname, https)
-        musicbrainzngs.set_rate_limit(
-            self.config["ratelimit_interval"].as_number(),
-            self.config["ratelimit"].get(int),
-        )
 
     def track_info(
         self,
@@ -465,9 +503,9 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             info.artists_ids = _artist_ids(recording["artist-credit"])
             info.artist_id = info.artists_ids[0]
 
-        if recording.get("artist-relation-list"):
+        if recording.get("artist-relations"):
             info.remixer = _get_related_artist_names(
-                recording["artist-relation-list"], relation_type="remixer"
+                recording["artist-relations"], relation_type="remixer"
             )
 
         if recording.get("length"):
@@ -475,13 +513,13 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
 
         info.trackdisambig = recording.get("disambiguation")
 
-        if recording.get("isrc-list"):
-            info.isrc = ";".join(recording["isrc-list"])
+        if recording.get("isrcs"):
+            info.isrc = ";".join(recording["isrcs"])
 
         lyricist = []
         composer = []
         composer_sort = []
-        for work_relation in recording.get("work-relation-list", ()):
+        for work_relation in recording.get("work-relations", ()):
             if work_relation["type"] != "performance":
                 continue
             info.work = work_relation["work"]["title"]
@@ -490,7 +528,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
                 info.work_disambig = work_relation["work"]["disambiguation"]
 
             for artist_relation in work_relation["work"].get(
-                "artist-relation-list", ()
+                "artist-relations", ()
             ):
                 if "type" in artist_relation:
                     type = artist_relation["type"]
@@ -508,7 +546,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             info.composer_sort = ", ".join(composer_sort)
 
         arranger = []
-        for artist_relation in recording.get("artist-relation-list", ()):
+        for artist_relation in recording.get("artist-relations", ()):
             if "type" in artist_relation:
                 type = artist_relation["type"]
                 if type == "arranger":
@@ -540,9 +578,9 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             release["artist-credit"], include_join_phrase=False
         )
 
-        ntracks = sum(len(m["track-list"]) for m in release["medium-list"])
+        ntracks = sum(len(m["tracks"]) for m in release["media"])
 
-        # The MusicBrainz API omits 'artist-relation-list' and 'work-relation-list'
+        # The MusicBrainz API omits 'relations'
         # when the release has more than 500 tracks. So we use browse_recordings
         # on chunks of tracks to recover the same information in this case.
         if ntracks > BROWSE_MAXTRACKS:
@@ -551,35 +589,30 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             for i in range(0, ntracks, BROWSE_CHUNKSIZE):
                 self._log.debug("Retrieving tracks starting at {}", i)
                 recording_list.extend(
-                    musicbrainzngs.browse_recordings(
-                        release=release["id"],
-                        limit=BROWSE_CHUNKSIZE,
-                        includes=BROWSE_INCLUDES,
-                        offset=i,
-                    )["recording-list"]
+                    self.api.browse_recordings(release=release["id"], offset=i)
                 )
             track_map = {r["id"]: r for r in recording_list}
-            for medium in release["medium-list"]:
-                for recording in medium["track-list"]:
+            for medium in release["media"]:
+                for recording in medium["tracks"]:
                     recording_info = track_map[recording["recording"]["id"]]
                     recording["recording"] = recording_info
 
         # Basic info.
         track_infos = []
         index = 0
-        for medium in release["medium-list"]:
+        for medium in release["media"]:
             disctitle = medium.get("title")
             format = medium.get("format")
 
             if format in config["match"]["ignored_media"].as_str_seq():
                 continue
 
-            all_tracks = medium["track-list"]
+            all_tracks = medium["tracks"]
             if (
-                "data-track-list" in medium
+                "data-tracks" in medium
                 and not config["match"]["ignore_data_tracks"]
             ):
-                all_tracks += medium["data-track-list"]
+                all_tracks += medium["data-tracks"]
             track_count = len(all_tracks)
 
             if "pregap" in medium:
@@ -594,7 +627,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
 
                 if (
                     "video" in track["recording"]
-                    and track["recording"]["video"] == "true"
+                    and track["recording"]["video"]
                     and config["match"]["ignore_video_tracks"]
                 ):
                     continue
@@ -648,7 +681,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             artists=artists_names,
             artists_ids=album_artist_ids,
             tracks=track_infos,
-            mediums=len(release["medium-list"]),
+            mediums=len(release["media"]),
             artist_sort=artist_sort_name,
             artists_sort=artists_sort_names,
             artist_credit=artist_credit_name,
@@ -688,9 +721,9 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             rel_primarytype = release["release-group"]["primary-type"]
             if rel_primarytype:
                 albumtypes.append(rel_primarytype.lower())
-        if "secondary-type-list" in release["release-group"]:
-            if release["release-group"]["secondary-type-list"]:
-                for sec_type in release["release-group"]["secondary-type-list"]:
+        if "secondary-types" in release["release-group"]:
+            if release["release-group"]["secondary-types"]:
+                for sec_type in release["release-group"]["secondary-types"]:
                     albumtypes.append(sec_type.lower())
         info.albumtypes = albumtypes
 
@@ -706,8 +739,8 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
         _set_date_str(info, release_group_date, True)
 
         # Label name.
-        if release.get("label-info-list"):
-            label_info = release["label-info-list"][0]
+        if release.get("label-info"):
+            label_info = release["label-info"][0]
             if label_info.get("label"):
                 label = label_info["label"]["name"]
                 if label != "[no label]":
@@ -721,10 +754,10 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             info.language = rep.get("language")
 
         # Media (format).
-        if release["medium-list"]:
+        if release["media"]:
             # If all media are the same, use that medium name
-            if len({m.get("format") for m in release["medium-list"]}) == 1:
-                info.media = release["medium-list"][0].get("format")
+            if len({m.get("format") for m in release["media"]}) == 1:
+                info.media = release["media"][0].get("format")
             # Otherwise, let's just call it "Media"
             else:
                 info.media = "Media"
@@ -748,11 +781,11 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
         wanted_sources = {
             site for site, wanted in external_ids.items() if wanted
         }
-        if wanted_sources and (url_rels := release.get("url-relation-list")):
+        if wanted_sources and (url_rels := release.get("url-relations")):
             urls = {}
 
             for source, url in product(wanted_sources, url_rels):
-                if f"{source}.com" in (target := url["target"]):
+                if f"{source}.com" in (target := url["url"]["resource"]):
                     urls[source] = target
                     self._log.debug(
                         "Found link to {} release via MusicBrainz",
@@ -790,17 +823,20 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
     def get_album_criteria(
         self, items: Sequence[Item], artist: str, album: str, va_likely: bool
     ) -> dict[str, str]:
-        criteria = {
-            "release": album,
-            "alias": album,
-            "tracks": str(len(items)),
-        } | ({"arid": VARIOUS_ARTISTS_ID} if va_likely else {"artist": artist})
+        criteria = {"release": album} | (
+            {"arid": VARIOUS_ARTISTS_ID} if va_likely else {"artist": artist}
+        )
 
         for tag, mb_field in self.extra_mb_field_by_tag.items():
-            most_common, _ = util.plurality(i.get(tag) for i in items)
-            value = str(most_common)
-            if tag == "catalognum":
-                value = value.replace(" ", "")
+            if tag == "tracks":
+                value = str(len(items))
+            elif tag == "alias":
+                value = album
+            else:
+                most_common, _ = util.plurality(i.get(tag) for i in items)
+                value = str(most_common)
+                if tag == "catalognum":
+                    value = value.replace(" ", "")
 
             criteria[mb_field] = value
 
@@ -817,20 +853,17 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
         using the provided criteria. Handles API errors by converting them into
         MusicBrainzAPIError exceptions with contextual information.
         """
-        filters = {
-            k: _v for k, v in filters.items() if (_v := v.lower().strip())
-        }
-        self._log.debug(
-            "Searching for MusicBrainz {}s with: {!r}", query_type, filters
+        query = " AND ".join(
+            f'{k}:"{_v}"'
+            for k, v in filters.items()
+            if (_v := v.lower().strip())
         )
-        try:
-            method = getattr(musicbrainzngs, f"search_{query_type}s")
-            res = method(limit=self.config["search_limit"].get(), **filters)
-        except musicbrainzngs.MusicBrainzError as exc:
-            raise MusicBrainzAPIError(
-                exc, f"{query_type} search", filters, traceback.format_exc()
-            )
-        return res[f"{query_type}-list"]
+        self._log.debug(
+            "Searching for MusicBrainz {}s with: {!r}", query_type, query
+        )
+        return self.api.get_entity(
+            query_type, query=query, limit=self.config["search_limit"].get()
+        )[f"{query_type}s"]
 
     def candidates(
         self,
@@ -842,7 +875,10 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
         criteria = self.get_album_criteria(items, artist, album, va_likely)
         release_ids = (r["id"] for r in self._search_api("release", criteria))
 
-        yield from filter(None, map(self.album_for_id, release_ids))
+        for id_ in release_ids:
+            with suppress(HTTPNotFoundError):
+                if album_info := self.album_for_id(id_):
+                    yield album_info
 
     def item_candidates(
         self, item: Item, artist: str, title: str
@@ -865,29 +901,27 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             self._log.debug("Invalid MBID ({}).", album_id)
             return None
 
-        try:
-            res = musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id(albumid, RELEASE_INCLUDES)
+        res = self.api.get_release(albumid)
 
-            # resolve linked release relations
-            actual_res = None
+        # resolve linked release relations
+        actual_res = None
 
-            if res["release"].get("status") == "Pseudo-Release":
-                actual_res = _find_actual_release_from_pseudo_release(res)
-
-        except musicbrainzngs.ResponseError:
-            self._log.debug("Album ID match failed.")
-            return None
-        except musicbrainzngs.MusicBrainzError as exc:
-            raise MusicBrainzAPIError(
-                exc, "get release by ID", albumid, traceback.format_exc()
-            )
+        if res.get("status") == "Pseudo-Release" and (
+            relations := res.get("release-relations")
+        ):
+            for rel in relations:
+                if (
+                    rel["type"] == "transl-tracklisting"
+                    and rel["direction"] == "backward"
+                ):
+                    actual_res = self.api.get_release(rel["target"])
 
         # release is potentially a pseudo release
-        release = self.album_info(res["release"])
+        release = self.album_info(res)
 
         # should be None unless we're dealing with a pseudo release
         if actual_res is not None:
-            actual_release = self.album_info(actual_res["release"])
+            actual_release = self.album_info(actual_res)
             return _merge_pseudo_and_actual_album(release, actual_release)
         else:
             return release
@@ -902,13 +936,7 @@ class MusicBrainzPlugin(MetadataSourcePlugin):
             self._log.debug("Invalid MBID ({}).", track_id)
             return None
 
-        try:
-            res = musicbrainzngs.get_recording_by_id(trackid, TRACK_INCLUDES)
-        except musicbrainzngs.ResponseError:
-            self._log.debug("Track ID match failed.")
-            return None
-        except musicbrainzngs.MusicBrainzError as exc:
-            raise MusicBrainzAPIError(
-                exc, "get recording by ID", trackid, traceback.format_exc()
-            )
-        return self.track_info(res["recording"])
+        with suppress(HTTPNotFoundError):
+            return self.track_info(self.api.get_recording(trackid))
+
+        return None
diff --git a/docs/plugins/listenbrainz.rst b/docs/plugins/listenbrainz.rst
index 21629ab54..17926e878 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/listenbrainz.rst
+++ b/docs/plugins/listenbrainz.rst
@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@ service.
 Installation
 ------------
 
-To enable the ListenBrainz plugin, add the following to your beets configuration
-file (config.yaml_):
+To use the ``listenbrainz`` plugin, first enable it in your configuration (see
+:ref:`using-plugins`). Then, install ``beets`` with ``listenbrainz`` extra
 
-.. code-block:: yaml
+.. code-block:: bash
 
-    plugins:
-        - listenbrainz
+    pip install "beets[listenbrainz]"
 
 You can then configure the plugin by providing your Listenbrainz token (see
 intructions here_) and username:
diff --git a/docs/plugins/mbcollection.rst b/docs/plugins/mbcollection.rst
index 87efcd6d5..ffa86f330 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/mbcollection.rst
+++ b/docs/plugins/mbcollection.rst
@@ -6,9 +6,18 @@ maintain your `music collection`_ list there.
 
 .. _music collection: https://musicbrainz.org/doc/Collections
 
-To begin, just enable the ``mbcollection`` plugin in your configuration (see
-:ref:`using-plugins`). Then, add your MusicBrainz username and password to your
-:doc:`configuration file </reference/config>` under a ``musicbrainz`` section:
+Installation
+------------
+
+To use the ``mbcollection`` plugin, first enable it in your configuration (see
+:ref:`using-plugins`). Then, install ``beets`` with ``mbcollection`` extra
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install "beets[mbcollection]"
+
+Then, add your MusicBrainz username and password to your :doc:`configuration
+file </reference/config>` under a ``musicbrainz`` section:
 
 ::
 
diff --git a/docs/plugins/missing.rst b/docs/plugins/missing.rst
index 10842933c..f6962f337 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/missing.rst
+++ b/docs/plugins/missing.rst
@@ -5,12 +5,21 @@ This plugin adds a new command, ``missing`` or ``miss``, which finds and lists
 missing tracks for albums in your collection. Each album requires one network
 call to album data source.
 
+Installation
+------------
+
+To use the ``missing`` plugin, first enable it in your configuration (see
+:ref:`using-plugins`). Then, install ``beets`` with ``missing`` extra
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install "beets[missing]"
+
 Usage
 -----
 
-Add the ``missing`` plugin to your configuration (see :ref:`using-plugins`). The
-``beet missing`` command fetches album information from the origin data source
-and lists names of the **tracks** that are missing from your library.
+The ``beet missing`` command fetches album information from the origin data
+source and lists names of the **tracks** that are missing from your library.
 
 It can also list the names of missing **albums** for each artist, although this
 is limited to albums from the MusicBrainz data source only.
diff --git a/docs/plugins/musicbrainz.rst b/docs/plugins/musicbrainz.rst
index 7fe436c2c..60c3bc4a2 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/musicbrainz.rst
+++ b/docs/plugins/musicbrainz.rst
@@ -69,15 +69,14 @@ Default
 .. conf:: ratelimit
     :default: 1
 
-    Controls the number of Web service requests per second.
-
-    **Do not change the rate limit setting** if you're using the main MusicBrainz
-    server---on this public server, you're limited_ to one request per second.
+    Controls the number of Web service requests per second. This setting applies only
+    to custom servers. The official MusicBrainz server enforces a rate limit of 1
+    request per second.
 
 .. conf:: ratelimit_interval
     :default: 1.0
 
-    The time interval (in seconds) for the rate limit.
+    The time interval (in seconds) for the rate limit. Only applies to custom servers.
 
 .. conf:: enabled
     :default: yes
diff --git a/docs/plugins/parentwork.rst b/docs/plugins/parentwork.rst
index 50c2c1ff0..e015bed68 100644
--- a/docs/plugins/parentwork.rst
+++ b/docs/plugins/parentwork.rst
@@ -38,8 +38,15 @@ This plugin adds seven tags:
   to keep track of recordings whose works have changed.
 - **parentwork_date**: The composition date of the parent work.
 
-To use the ``parentwork`` plugin, enable it in your configuration (see
-:ref:`using-plugins`).
+Installation
+------------
+
+To use the ``parentwork`` plugin, first enable it in your configuration (see
+:ref:`using-plugins`). Then, install ``beets`` with ``parentwork`` extra
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    pip install "beets[parentwork]"
 
 Configuration
 -------------
diff --git a/poetry.lock b/poetry.lock
index ba16420c2..8e489b4ed 100644
--- a/poetry.lock
+++ b/poetry.lock
@@ -1838,7 +1838,7 @@ type = ["mypy", "mypy-extensions"]
 name = "musicbrainzngs"
 version = "0.7.1"
 description = "Python bindings for the MusicBrainz NGS and the Cover Art Archive webservices"
-optional = false
+optional = true
 python-versions = ">=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*"
 files = [
     {file = "musicbrainzngs-0.7.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:e841a8f975104c0a72290b09f59326050194081a5ae62ee512f41915090e1a10"},
@@ -2683,6 +2683,21 @@ docs = ["sphinx", "sphinx_rtd_theme"]
 fuzzer = ["atheris", "hypothesis"]
 test = ["coverage[toml] (>=5.2)", "hypothesis", "pytest (>=6.0)", "pytest-benchmark", "pytest-cov", "pytest-timeout"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "pyrate-limiter"
+version = "2.10.0"
+description = "Python Rate-Limiter using Leaky-Bucket Algorithm"
+optional = false
+python-versions = ">=3.7,<4.0"
+files = [
+    {file = "pyrate_limiter-2.10.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:a99e52159f5ed5eb58118bed8c645e30818e7c0e0d127a0585c8277c776b0f7f"},
+    {file = "pyrate_limiter-2.10.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:98cc52cdbe058458e945ae87d4fd5a73186497ffa545ee6e98372f8599a5bd34"},
+]
+
+[package.extras]
+all = ["filelock (>=3.0)", "redis (>=3.3,<4.0)", "redis-py-cluster (>=2.1.3,<3.0.0)"]
+docs = ["furo (>=2022.3.4,<2023.0.0)", "myst-parser (>=0.17)", "sphinx (>=4.3.0,<5.0.0)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.17,<2.0)", "sphinx-copybutton (>=0.5)", "sphinxcontrib-apidoc (>=0.3,<0.4)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
 version = "8.4.2"
@@ -3236,6 +3251,24 @@ requests = ">=2.0.0"
 [package.extras]
 rsa = ["oauthlib[signedtoken] (>=3.0.0)"]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "requests-ratelimiter"
+version = "0.7.0"
+description = "Rate-limiting for the requests library"
+optional = false
+python-versions = "<4.0,>=3.7"
+files = [
+    {file = "requests_ratelimiter-0.7.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:1a7ef2faaa790272722db8539728690046237766fcc479f85b9591e5356a8185"},
+    {file = "requests_ratelimiter-0.7.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:a070c8a359a6f3a001b0ccb08f17228b7ae0a6e21d8df5b6f6bd58389cddde45"},
+]
+
+[package.dependencies]
+pyrate-limiter = "<3.0"
+requests = ">=2.20"
+
+[package.extras]
+docs = ["furo (>=2023.3,<2024.0)", "myst-parser (>=1.0)", "sphinx (>=5.2,<6.0)", "sphinx-autodoc-typehints (>=1.22,<2.0)", "sphinx-copybutton (>=0.5)"]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "resampy"
 version = "0.4.3"
@@ -4174,9 +4207,13 @@ import = ["py7zr", "rarfile"]
 kodiupdate = ["requests"]
 lastgenre = ["pylast"]
 lastimport = ["pylast"]
+listenbrainz = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 lyrics = ["beautifulsoup4", "langdetect", "requests"]
+mbcollection = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 metasync = ["dbus-python"]
+missing = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 mpdstats = ["python-mpd2"]
+parentwork = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 plexupdate = ["requests"]
 reflink = ["reflink"]
 replaygain = ["PyGObject"]
@@ -4189,4 +4226,4 @@ web = ["flask", "flask-cors"]
 [metadata]
 lock-version = "2.0"
 python-versions = ">=3.10,<4"
-content-hash = "9e154214b2f404415ef17df83f926a326ffb62a83b3901a404946110354d4067"
+content-hash = "8cf2ad0e6a842511e1215720a63bfdf9d5f49345410644cbb0b5fd8fb74f50d2"
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 8b33e9fcb..24cf21b33 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -48,13 +48,14 @@ confuse = ">=2.1.0"
 jellyfish = "*"
 lap = ">=0.5.12"
 mediafile = ">=0.12.0"
-musicbrainzngs = ">=0.4"
 numpy = [
     { python = "<3.13", version = ">=2.0.2" },
     { python = ">=3.13", version = ">=2.3.4" },
 ]
 platformdirs = ">=3.5.0"
 pyyaml = "*"
+requests = ">=2.32.5"
+requests-ratelimiter = ">=0.7.0"
 typing_extensions = "*"
 unidecode = ">=1.3.6"
 
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ scipy = [ # for librosa
     { python = "<3.13", version = ">=1.13.1", optional = true },
     { python = ">=3.13", version = ">=1.16.1", optional = true },
 ]
+musicbrainzngs = { version = ">=0.4", optional = true }
 numba = [ # for librosa
     { python = "<3.13", version = ">=0.60", optional = true },
     { python = ">=3.13", version = ">=0.62.1", optional = true },
@@ -83,7 +85,6 @@ python3-discogs-client = { version = ">=2.3.15", optional = true }
 pyxdg = { version = "*", optional = true }
 rarfile = { version = "*", optional = true }
 reflink = { version = "*", optional = true }
-requests = { version = "*", optional = true }
 resampy = { version = ">=0.4.3", optional = true }
 requests-oauthlib = { version = ">=0.6.1", optional = true }
 soco = { version = "*", optional = true }
@@ -93,7 +94,7 @@ pydata-sphinx-theme = { version = "*", optional = true }
 sphinx = { version = "*", optional = true }
 sphinx-design = { version = ">=0.6.1", optional = true }
 sphinx-copybutton = { version = ">=0.5.2", optional = true }
-titlecase = {version = "^2.4.1", optional = true}
+titlecase = { version = "^2.4.1", optional = true }
 
 [tool.poetry.group.test.dependencies]
 beautifulsoup4 = "*"
@@ -164,9 +165,13 @@ import = ["py7zr", "rarfile"]
 kodiupdate = ["requests"]
 lastgenre = ["pylast"]
 lastimport = ["pylast"]
+listenbrainz = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 lyrics = ["beautifulsoup4", "langdetect", "requests"]
+mbcollection = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 metasync = ["dbus-python"]
+missing = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 mpdstats = ["python-mpd2"]
+parentwork = ["musicbrainzngs"]
 plexupdate = ["requests"]
 reflink = ["reflink"]
 replaygain = [
diff --git a/test/plugins/test_mbpseudo.py b/test/plugins/test_mbpseudo.py
index 621e08950..b333800a3 100644
--- a/test/plugins/test_mbpseudo.py
+++ b/test/plugins/test_mbpseudo.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import json
 import pathlib
+from copy import deepcopy
 
 import pytest
 
-from beets import config
 from beets.autotag import AlbumMatch
 from beets.autotag.distance import Distance
 from beets.autotag.hooks import AlbumInfo, TrackInfo
 from beets.library import Item
-from beets.test.helper import PluginMixin
+from beets.test.helper import ConfigMixin, PluginMixin
 from beetsplug._typing import JSONDict
 from beetsplug.mbpseudo import (
     _STATUS_PSEUDO,
@@ -18,6 +18,23 @@ from beetsplug.mbpseudo import (
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+def rsrc_dir(pytestconfig: pytest.Config):
+    return pytestconfig.rootpath / "test" / "rsrc" / "mbpseudo"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def official_release(rsrc_dir: pathlib.Path) -> JSONDict:
+    info_json = (rsrc_dir / "official_release.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    return json.loads(info_json)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def pseudo_release(rsrc_dir: pathlib.Path) -> JSONDict:
+    info_json = (rsrc_dir / "pseudo_release.json").read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    return json.loads(info_json)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
 def official_release_info() -> AlbumInfo:
     return AlbumInfo(
         tracks=[TrackInfo(title="百花繚乱")],
@@ -26,7 +43,7 @@ def official_release_info() -> AlbumInfo:
     )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
+@pytest.fixture
 def pseudo_release_info() -> AlbumInfo:
     return AlbumInfo(
         tracks=[TrackInfo(title="In Bloom")],
@@ -35,6 +52,14 @@ def pseudo_release_info() -> AlbumInfo:
     )
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(scope="module", autouse=True)
+def config():
+    config = ConfigMixin().config
+    with pytest.MonkeyPatch.context() as m:
+        m.setattr("beetsplug.mbpseudo.config", config)
+        yield config
+
+
 class TestPseudoAlbumInfo:
     def test_album_id_always_from_pseudo(
         self, official_release_info: AlbumInfo, pseudo_release_info: AlbumInfo
@@ -62,8 +87,7 @@ class TestPseudoAlbumInfo:
         info = PseudoAlbumInfo(
             pseudo_release_info, official_release_info, data_source="test"
         )
-        item = Item()
-        item["title"] = "百花繚乱"
+        item = Item(title="百花繚乱")
 
         assert info.determine_best_ref([item]) == "official"
 
@@ -71,37 +95,29 @@ class TestPseudoAlbumInfo:
         assert info.data_source == "test"
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(scope="module")
-def rsrc_dir(pytestconfig: pytest.Config):
-    return pytestconfig.rootpath / "test" / "rsrc" / "mbpseudo"
-
-
-class TestMBPseudoPlugin(PluginMixin):
+class TestMBPseudoMixin(PluginMixin):
     plugin = "mbpseudo"
 
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def patch_get_release(self, monkeypatch, pseudo_release: JSONDict):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_release",
+            lambda _, album_id: deepcopy(
+                {pseudo_release["id"]: pseudo_release}[album_id]
+            ),
+        )
+
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
     def plugin_config(self):
         return {"scripts": ["Latn", "Dummy"]}
 
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
+    @pytest.fixture
     def mbpseudo_plugin(self, plugin_config) -> MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin:
         self.config[self.plugin].set(plugin_config)
         return MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin()
 
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def official_release(self, rsrc_dir: pathlib.Path) -> JSONDict:
-        info_json = (rsrc_dir / "official_release.json").read_text(
-            encoding="utf-8"
-        )
-        return json.loads(info_json)
-
-    @pytest.fixture
-    def pseudo_release(self, rsrc_dir: pathlib.Path) -> JSONDict:
-        info_json = (rsrc_dir / "pseudo_release.json").read_text(
-            encoding="utf-8"
-        )
-        return json.loads(info_json)
 
+class TestMBPseudoPlugin(TestMBPseudoMixin):
     def test_scripts_init(
         self, mbpseudo_plugin: MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin
     ):
@@ -129,7 +145,7 @@ class TestMBPseudoPlugin(PluginMixin):
         mbpseudo_plugin: MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin,
         pseudo_release: JSONDict,
     ):
-        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(pseudo_release["release"])
+        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(pseudo_release)
         assert not isinstance(album_info, PseudoAlbumInfo)
         assert album_info.data_source == "MusicBrainzPseudoRelease"
         assert album_info.albumstatus == _STATUS_PSEUDO
@@ -148,9 +164,9 @@ class TestMBPseudoPlugin(PluginMixin):
         official_release: JSONDict,
         json_key: str,
     ):
-        del official_release["release"]["release-relation-list"][0][json_key]
+        del official_release["release-relations"][0][json_key]
 
-        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release["release"])
+        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release)
         assert not isinstance(album_info, PseudoAlbumInfo)
         assert album_info.data_source == "MusicBrainzPseudoRelease"
 
@@ -159,11 +175,11 @@ class TestMBPseudoPlugin(PluginMixin):
         mbpseudo_plugin: MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin,
         official_release: JSONDict,
     ):
-        official_release["release"]["release-relation-list"][0]["release"][
+        official_release["release-relations"][0]["release"][
             "text-representation"
         ]["script"] = "Null"
 
-        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release["release"])
+        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release)
         assert not isinstance(album_info, PseudoAlbumInfo)
         assert album_info.data_source == "MusicBrainzPseudoRelease"
 
@@ -171,12 +187,8 @@ class TestMBPseudoPlugin(PluginMixin):
         self,
         mbpseudo_plugin: MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin,
         official_release: JSONDict,
-        pseudo_release: JSONDict,
     ):
-        mbpseudo_plugin._release_getter = (
-            lambda album_id, includes: pseudo_release
-        )
-        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release["release"])
+        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release)
         assert isinstance(album_info, PseudoAlbumInfo)
         assert album_info.data_source == "MusicBrainzPseudoRelease"
 
@@ -226,40 +238,19 @@ class TestMBPseudoPlugin(PluginMixin):
         assert match.info.album == "In Bloom"
 
 
-class TestMBPseudoPluginCustomTagsOnly(PluginMixin):
-    plugin = "mbpseudo"
-
+class TestMBPseudoPluginCustomTagsOnly(TestMBPseudoMixin):
     @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def mbpseudo_plugin(self) -> MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin:
-        self.config[self.plugin]["scripts"] = ["Latn"]
-        self.config[self.plugin]["custom_tags_only"] = True
-        return MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin()
-
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def official_release(self, rsrc_dir: pathlib.Path) -> JSONDict:
-        info_json = (rsrc_dir / "official_release.json").read_text(
-            encoding="utf-8"
-        )
-        return json.loads(info_json)
-
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="class")
-    def pseudo_release(self, rsrc_dir: pathlib.Path) -> JSONDict:
-        info_json = (rsrc_dir / "pseudo_release.json").read_text(
-            encoding="utf-8"
-        )
-        return json.loads(info_json)
+    def plugin_config(self):
+        return {"scripts": ["Latn", "Dummy"], "custom_tags_only": True}
 
     def test_custom_tags(
         self,
+        config,
         mbpseudo_plugin: MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin,
         official_release: JSONDict,
-        pseudo_release: JSONDict,
     ):
-        config["import"]["languages"] = []
-        mbpseudo_plugin._release_getter = (
-            lambda album_id, includes: pseudo_release
-        )
-        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release["release"])
+        config["import"]["languages"] = ["en", "jp"]
+        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release)
         assert not isinstance(album_info, PseudoAlbumInfo)
         assert album_info.data_source == "MusicBrainzPseudoRelease"
         assert album_info["album_transl"] == "In Bloom"
@@ -269,15 +260,12 @@ class TestMBPseudoPluginCustomTagsOnly(PluginMixin):
 
     def test_custom_tags_with_import_languages(
         self,
+        config,
         mbpseudo_plugin: MusicBrainzPseudoReleasePlugin,
         official_release: JSONDict,
-        pseudo_release: JSONDict,
     ):
-        config["import"]["languages"] = ["en", "jp"]
-        mbpseudo_plugin._release_getter = (
-            lambda album_id, includes: pseudo_release
-        )
-        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release["release"])
+        config["import"]["languages"] = []
+        album_info = mbpseudo_plugin.album_info(official_release)
         assert not isinstance(album_info, PseudoAlbumInfo)
         assert album_info.data_source == "MusicBrainzPseudoRelease"
         assert album_info["album_transl"] == "In Bloom"
diff --git a/test/plugins/test_musicbrainz.py b/test/plugins/test_musicbrainz.py
index 9e271a481..0a3155430 100644
--- a/test/plugins/test_musicbrainz.py
+++ b/test/plugins/test_musicbrainz.py
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                 }
             ],
             "date": "3001",
-            "medium-list": [],
-            "genre-list": [{"count": 1, "name": "GENRE"}],
-            "tag-list": [{"count": 1, "name": "TAG"}],
-            "label-info-list": [
+            "media": [],
+            "genres": [{"count": 1, "name": "GENRE"}],
+            "tags": [{"count": 1, "name": "TAG"}],
+            "label-info": [
                 {
                     "catalog-number": "CATALOG NUMBER",
                     "label": {"name": "LABEL NAME"},
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
         }
 
         if multi_artist_credit:
-            release["artist-credit"].append(" & ")  # add join phase
+            release["artist-credit"][0]["joinphrase"] = " & "
             release["artist-credit"].append(
                 {
                     "artist": {
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                     ]
 
                     if multi_artist_credit:
-                        track["artist-credit"].append(" & ")  # add join phase
+                        track["artist-credit"][0]["joinphrase"] = " & "
                         track["artist-credit"].append(
                             {
                                 "artist": {
@@ -148,11 +148,11 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                     "number": "A1",
                 }
                 data_track_list.append(data_track)
-        release["medium-list"].append(
+        release["media"].append(
             {
                 "position": "1",
-                "track-list": track_list,
-                "data-track-list": data_track_list,
+                "tracks": track_list,
+                "data-tracks": data_track_list,
                 "format": medium_format,
                 "title": "MEDIUM TITLE",
             }
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                 }
             ]
             if multi_artist_credit:
-                track["artist-credit"].append(" & ")  # add join phase
+                track["artist-credit"][0]["joinphrase"] = " & "
                 track["artist-credit"].append(
                     {
                         "artist": {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                     }
                 )
         if remixer:
-            track["artist-relation-list"] = [
+            track["artist-relations"] = [
                 {
                     "type": "remixer",
                     "type-id": "RELATION TYPE ID",
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                 }
             ]
         if video:
-            track["video"] = "true"
+            track["video"] = True
         if disambiguation:
             track["disambiguation"] = disambiguation
         return track
@@ -301,10 +301,10 @@ class MBAlbumInfoTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
                 "number": "A1",
             }
         ]
-        release["medium-list"].append(
+        release["media"].append(
             {
                 "position": "2",
-                "track-list": second_track_list,
+                "tracks": second_track_list,
             }
         )
 
@@ -700,15 +700,15 @@ class ArtistFlatteningTest(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def _add_alias(self, credit_dict, suffix="", locale="", primary=False):
         alias = {
-            "alias": f"ALIAS{suffix}",
+            "name": f"ALIAS{suffix}",
             "locale": locale,
             "sort-name": f"ALIASSORT{suffix}",
         }
         if primary:
             alias["primary"] = "primary"
-        if "alias-list" not in credit_dict["artist"]:
-            credit_dict["artist"]["alias-list"] = []
-        credit_dict["artist"]["alias-list"].append(alias)
+        if "aliases" not in credit_dict["artist"]:
+            credit_dict["artist"]["aliases"] = []
+        credit_dict["artist"]["aliases"].append(alias)
 
     def test_single_artist(self):
         credit = [self._credit_dict()]
@@ -725,7 +725,10 @@ class ArtistFlatteningTest(unittest.TestCase):
         assert c == ["CREDIT"]
 
     def test_two_artists(self):
-        credit = [self._credit_dict("a"), " AND ", self._credit_dict("b")]
+        credit = [
+            {**self._credit_dict("a"), "joinphrase": " AND "},
+            self._credit_dict("b"),
+        ]
         a, s, c = musicbrainz._flatten_artist_credit(credit)
         assert a == "NAMEa AND NAMEb"
         assert s == "SORTa AND SORTb"
@@ -783,86 +786,84 @@ class MBLibraryTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
     def test_follow_pseudo_releases(self):
         side_effect = [
             {
-                "release": {
-                    "title": "pseudo",
-                    "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
-                    "status": "Pseudo-Release",
-                    "medium-list": [
-                        {
-                            "track-list": [
-                                {
-                                    "id": "baz",
-                                    "recording": {
-                                        "title": "translated title",
-                                        "id": "bar",
-                                        "length": 42,
-                                    },
-                                    "position": 9,
-                                    "number": "A1",
-                                }
-                            ],
-                            "position": 5,
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "artist-credit": [
-                        {
-                            "artist": {
-                                "name": "some-artist",
-                                "id": "some-id",
-                            },
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "release-group": {
-                        "id": "another-id",
-                    },
-                    "release-relation-list": [
-                        {
-                            "type": "transl-tracklisting",
-                            "target": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da01",
-                            "direction": "backward",
-                        }
-                    ],
-                }
+                "title": "pseudo",
+                "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
+                "status": "Pseudo-Release",
+                "media": [
+                    {
+                        "tracks": [
+                            {
+                                "id": "baz",
+                                "recording": {
+                                    "title": "translated title",
+                                    "id": "bar",
+                                    "length": 42,
+                                },
+                                "position": 9,
+                                "number": "A1",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "position": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "artist-credit": [
+                    {
+                        "artist": {
+                            "name": "some-artist",
+                            "id": "some-id",
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+                "release-group": {
+                    "id": "another-id",
+                },
+                "release-relations": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "transl-tracklisting",
+                        "target": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da01",
+                        "direction": "backward",
+                    }
+                ],
             },
             {
-                "release": {
-                    "title": "actual",
-                    "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da01",
-                    "status": "Official",
-                    "medium-list": [
-                        {
-                            "track-list": [
-                                {
-                                    "id": "baz",
-                                    "recording": {
-                                        "title": "original title",
-                                        "id": "bar",
-                                        "length": 42,
-                                    },
-                                    "position": 9,
-                                    "number": "A1",
-                                }
-                            ],
-                            "position": 5,
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "artist-credit": [
-                        {
-                            "artist": {
-                                "name": "some-artist",
-                                "id": "some-id",
-                            },
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "release-group": {
-                        "id": "another-id",
-                    },
-                    "country": "COUNTRY",
-                }
+                "title": "actual",
+                "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da01",
+                "status": "Official",
+                "media": [
+                    {
+                        "tracks": [
+                            {
+                                "id": "baz",
+                                "recording": {
+                                    "title": "original title",
+                                    "id": "bar",
+                                    "length": 42,
+                                },
+                                "position": 9,
+                                "number": "A1",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "position": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "artist-credit": [
+                    {
+                        "artist": {
+                            "name": "some-artist",
+                            "id": "some-id",
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+                "release-group": {
+                    "id": "another-id",
+                },
+                "country": "COUNTRY",
             },
         ]
 
-        with mock.patch("musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id") as gp:
+        with mock.patch(
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_release"
+        ) as gp:
             gp.side_effect = side_effect
             album = self.mb.album_for_id("d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02")
             assert album.country == "COUNTRY"
@@ -870,44 +871,43 @@ class MBLibraryTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
     def test_pseudo_releases_with_empty_links(self):
         side_effect = [
             {
-                "release": {
-                    "title": "pseudo",
-                    "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
-                    "status": "Pseudo-Release",
-                    "medium-list": [
-                        {
-                            "track-list": [
-                                {
-                                    "id": "baz",
-                                    "recording": {
-                                        "title": "translated title",
-                                        "id": "bar",
-                                        "length": 42,
-                                    },
-                                    "position": 9,
-                                    "number": "A1",
-                                }
-                            ],
-                            "position": 5,
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "artist-credit": [
-                        {
-                            "artist": {
-                                "name": "some-artist",
-                                "id": "some-id",
-                            },
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "release-group": {
-                        "id": "another-id",
-                    },
-                    "release-relation-list": [],
-                }
-            },
+                "title": "pseudo",
+                "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
+                "status": "Pseudo-Release",
+                "media": [
+                    {
+                        "tracks": [
+                            {
+                                "id": "baz",
+                                "recording": {
+                                    "title": "translated title",
+                                    "id": "bar",
+                                    "length": 42,
+                                },
+                                "position": 9,
+                                "number": "A1",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "position": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "artist-credit": [
+                    {
+                        "artist": {
+                            "name": "some-artist",
+                            "id": "some-id",
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+                "release-group": {
+                    "id": "another-id",
+                },
+            }
         ]
 
-        with mock.patch("musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id") as gp:
+        with mock.patch(
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_release"
+        ) as gp:
             gp.side_effect = side_effect
             album = self.mb.album_for_id("d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02")
             assert album.country is None
@@ -915,43 +915,43 @@ class MBLibraryTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
     def test_pseudo_releases_without_links(self):
         side_effect = [
             {
-                "release": {
-                    "title": "pseudo",
-                    "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
-                    "status": "Pseudo-Release",
-                    "medium-list": [
-                        {
-                            "track-list": [
-                                {
-                                    "id": "baz",
-                                    "recording": {
-                                        "title": "translated title",
-                                        "id": "bar",
-                                        "length": 42,
-                                    },
-                                    "position": 9,
-                                    "number": "A1",
-                                }
-                            ],
-                            "position": 5,
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "artist-credit": [
-                        {
-                            "artist": {
-                                "name": "some-artist",
-                                "id": "some-id",
-                            },
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "release-group": {
-                        "id": "another-id",
-                    },
-                }
-            },
+                "title": "pseudo",
+                "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
+                "status": "Pseudo-Release",
+                "media": [
+                    {
+                        "tracks": [
+                            {
+                                "id": "baz",
+                                "recording": {
+                                    "title": "translated title",
+                                    "id": "bar",
+                                    "length": 42,
+                                },
+                                "position": 9,
+                                "number": "A1",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "position": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "artist-credit": [
+                    {
+                        "artist": {
+                            "name": "some-artist",
+                            "id": "some-id",
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+                "release-group": {
+                    "id": "another-id",
+                },
+            }
         ]
 
-        with mock.patch("musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id") as gp:
+        with mock.patch(
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_release"
+        ) as gp:
             gp.side_effect = side_effect
             album = self.mb.album_for_id("d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02")
             assert album.country is None
@@ -959,50 +959,50 @@ class MBLibraryTest(MusicBrainzTestCase):
     def test_pseudo_releases_with_unsupported_links(self):
         side_effect = [
             {
-                "release": {
-                    "title": "pseudo",
-                    "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
-                    "status": "Pseudo-Release",
-                    "medium-list": [
-                        {
-                            "track-list": [
-                                {
-                                    "id": "baz",
-                                    "recording": {
-                                        "title": "translated title",
-                                        "id": "bar",
-                                        "length": 42,
-                                    },
-                                    "position": 9,
-                                    "number": "A1",
-                                }
-                            ],
-                            "position": 5,
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "artist-credit": [
-                        {
-                            "artist": {
-                                "name": "some-artist",
-                                "id": "some-id",
-                            },
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "release-group": {
-                        "id": "another-id",
-                    },
-                    "release-relation-list": [
-                        {
-                            "type": "remaster",
-                            "target": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da01",
-                            "direction": "backward",
-                        }
-                    ],
-                }
-            },
+                "title": "pseudo",
+                "id": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02",
+                "status": "Pseudo-Release",
+                "media": [
+                    {
+                        "tracks": [
+                            {
+                                "id": "baz",
+                                "recording": {
+                                    "title": "translated title",
+                                    "id": "bar",
+                                    "length": 42,
+                                },
+                                "position": 9,
+                                "number": "A1",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "position": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "artist-credit": [
+                    {
+                        "artist": {
+                            "name": "some-artist",
+                            "id": "some-id",
+                        },
+                    }
+                ],
+                "release-group": {
+                    "id": "another-id",
+                },
+                "release-relations": [
+                    {
+                        "type": "remaster",
+                        "target": "d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da01",
+                        "direction": "backward",
+                    }
+                ],
+            }
         ]
 
-        with mock.patch("musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id") as gp:
+        with mock.patch(
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_release"
+        ) as gp:
             gp.side_effect = side_effect
             album = self.mb.album_for_id("d2a6f856-b553-40a0-ac54-a321e8e2da02")
             assert album.country is None
@@ -1047,15 +1047,13 @@ class TestMusicBrainzPlugin(PluginMixin):
 
         assert mb.get_album_criteria(items, "Artist ", " Album", va_likely) == {
             "release": " Album",
-            "alias": " Album",
-            "tracks": str(len(items)),
             **expected_additional_criteria,
         }
 
     def test_item_candidates(self, monkeypatch, mb):
         monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "musicbrainzngs.search_recordings",
-            lambda *_, **__: {"recording-list": [self.RECORDING]},
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_json",
+            lambda *_, **__: {"recordings": [self.RECORDING]},
         )
 
         candidates = list(mb.item_candidates(Item(), "hello", "there"))
@@ -1065,34 +1063,32 @@ class TestMusicBrainzPlugin(PluginMixin):
 
     def test_candidates(self, monkeypatch, mb):
         monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "musicbrainzngs.search_releases",
-            lambda *_, **__: {"release-list": [{"id": self.mbid}]},
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_json",
+            lambda *_, **__: {"releases": [{"id": self.mbid}]},
         )
         monkeypatch.setattr(
-            "musicbrainzngs.get_release_by_id",
+            "beetsplug.musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI.get_release",
             lambda *_, **__: {
-                "release": {
-                    "title": "hi",
-                    "id": self.mbid,
-                    "status": "status",
-                    "medium-list": [
-                        {
-                            "track-list": [
-                                {
-                                    "id": "baz",
-                                    "recording": self.RECORDING,
-                                    "position": 9,
-                                    "number": "A1",
-                                }
-                            ],
-                            "position": 5,
-                        }
-                    ],
-                    "artist-credit": [
-                        {"artist": {"name": "some-artist", "id": "some-id"}}
-                    ],
-                    "release-group": {"id": "another-id"},
-                }
+                "title": "hi",
+                "id": self.mbid,
+                "status": "status",
+                "media": [
+                    {
+                        "tracks": [
+                            {
+                                "id": "baz",
+                                "recording": self.RECORDING,
+                                "position": 9,
+                                "number": "A1",
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "position": 5,
+                    }
+                ],
+                "artist-credit": [
+                    {"artist": {"name": "some-artist", "id": "some-id"}}
+                ],
+                "release-group": {"id": "another-id"},
             },
         )
         candidates = list(mb.candidates([], "hello", "there", False))
@@ -1100,3 +1096,84 @@ class TestMusicBrainzPlugin(PluginMixin):
         assert len(candidates) == 1
         assert candidates[0].tracks[0].track_id == self.RECORDING["id"]
         assert candidates[0].album == "hi"
+
+
+def test_group_relations():
+    raw_release = {
+        "id": "r1",
+        "relations": [
+            {"target-type": "artist", "type": "vocal", "name": "A"},
+            {"target-type": "url", "type": "streaming", "url": "http://s"},
+            {"target-type": "url", "type": "purchase", "url": "http://p"},
+            {
+                "target-type": "work",
+                "type": "performance",
+                "work": {
+                    "relations": [
+                        {
+                            "artist": {"name": "幾田りら"},
+                            "target-type": "artist",
+                            "type": "composer",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "target-type": "url",
+                            "type": "lyrics",
+                            "url": {
+                                "resource": "https://utaten.com/lyric/tt24121002/"
+                            },
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "artist": {"name": "幾田りら"},
+                            "target-type": "artist",
+                            "type": "lyricist",
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "target-type": "url",
+                            "type": "lyrics",
+                            "url": {
+                                "resource": "https://www.uta-net.com/song/366579/"
+                            },
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "title": "百花繚乱",
+                    "type": "Song",
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    }
+
+    assert musicbrainz.MusicBrainzAPI._group_relations(raw_release) == {
+        "id": "r1",
+        "artist-relations": [{"type": "vocal", "name": "A"}],
+        "url-relations": [
+            {"type": "streaming", "url": "http://s"},
+            {"type": "purchase", "url": "http://p"},
+        ],
+        "work-relations": [
+            {
+                "type": "performance",
+                "work": {
+                    "artist-relations": [
+                        {"type": "composer", "artist": {"name": "幾田りら"}},
+                        {"type": "lyricist", "artist": {"name": "幾田りら"}},
+                    ],
+                    "url-relations": [
+                        {
+                            "type": "lyrics",
+                            "url": {
+                                "resource": "https://utaten.com/lyric/tt24121002/"
+                            },
+                        },
+                        {
+                            "type": "lyrics",
+                            "url": {
+                                "resource": "https://www.uta-net.com/song/366579/"
+                            },
+                        },
+                    ],
+                    "title": "百花繚乱",
+                    "type": "Song",
+                },
+            },
+        ],
+    }
diff --git a/test/plugins/utils/test_request_handler.py b/test/plugins/utils/test_request_handler.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c17a9387b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/plugins/utils/test_request_handler.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+import io
+from http import HTTPStatus
+from unittest.mock import Mock
+from urllib.error import URLError
+
+import pytest
+import requests
+from urllib3 import HTTPResponse
+from urllib3.exceptions import NewConnectionError
+
+from beetsplug._utils.requests import RequestHandler
+
+
+class TestRequestHandlerRetry:
+    @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+    def patch_connection(self, monkeypatch, last_response):
+        monkeypatch.setattr(
+            "urllib3.connectionpool.HTTPConnectionPool._make_request",
+            Mock(
+                side_effect=[
+                    NewConnectionError(None, "Connection failed"),
+                    URLError("bad"),
+                    last_response,
+                ]
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def request_handler(self):
+        return RequestHandler()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "last_response",
+        [
+            HTTPResponse(
+                body=io.BytesIO(b"success"),
+                status=HTTPStatus.OK,
+                preload_content=False,
+            ),
+        ],
+        ids=["success"],
+    )
+    def test_retry_on_connection_error(self, request_handler):
+        """Verify that the handler retries on connection errors."""
+        response = request_handler.get("http://example.com/api")
+
+        assert response.text == "success"
+        assert response.status_code == HTTPStatus.OK
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "last_response", [ConnectionResetError], ids=["conn_error"]
+    )
+    def test_retry_exhaustion(self, request_handler):
+        """Verify that the handler raises an error after exhausting retries."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            requests.exceptions.ConnectionError, match="Max retries exceeded"
+        ):
+            request_handler.get("http://example.com/api")
diff --git a/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/official_release.json b/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/official_release.json
index 63f1d60dd..cd6bb3ba9 100644
--- a/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/official_release.json
+++ b/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/official_release.json
@@ -1,841 +1,1878 @@
 {
-  "release": {
-    "id": "a5ce1d11-2e32-45a4-b37f-c1589d46b103",
-    "title": "百花繚乱",
-    "status": "Official",
-    "quality": "normal",
-    "packaging": "None",
-    "text-representation": {
-      "language": "jpn",
-      "script": "Jpan"
-    },
-    "artist-credit": [
-      {
-        "artist": {
-          "id": "55e42264-ef27-49d8-93fd-29f930dc96e4",
-          "type": "Person",
-          "name": "幾田りら",
-          "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
-          "country": "JP",
-          "alias-list": [
-            {
-              "locale": "en",
-              "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
-              "type": "Artist name",
-              "primary": "primary",
-              "alias": "Lilas Ikuta"
-            }
-          ],
-          "alias-count": 1,
-          "tag-list": [
-            {
-              "count": "1",
-              "name": "j-pop"
-            },
-            {
-              "count": "1",
-              "name": "singer-songwriter"
-            }
-          ]
-        }
-      }
-    ],
-    "release-group": {
-      "id": "da0d6bbb-f44b-4fff-8739-9d72db0402a1",
-      "type": "Single",
-      "title": "百花繚乱",
-      "first-release-date": "2025-01-10",
-      "primary-type": "Single",
-      "artist-credit": [
-        {
-          "artist": {
-            "id": "55e42264-ef27-49d8-93fd-29f930dc96e4",
-            "type": "Person",
-            "name": "幾田りら",
-            "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
-            "country": "JP",
-            "alias-list": [
-              {
-                "locale": "en",
-                "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
-                "type": "Artist name",
-                "primary": "primary",
-                "alias": "Lilas Ikuta"
-              }
-            ],
-            "alias-count": 1,
-            "tag-list": [
-              {
-                "count": "1",
-                "name": "j-pop"
-              },
-              {
-                "count": "1",
-                "name": "singer-songwriter"
-              }
-            ]
-          }
-        }
-      ],
-      "artist-credit-phrase": "幾田りら"
-    },
-    "date": "2025-01-10",
-    "country": "XW",
-    "release-event-list": [
-      {
-        "date": "2025-01-10",
-        "area": {
-          "id": "525d4e18-3d00-31b9-a58b-a146a916de8f",
-          "name": "[Worldwide]",
-          "sort-name": "[Worldwide]",
-          "iso-3166-1-code-list": [
-            "XW"
-          ]
-        }
-      }
-    ],
-    "release-event-count": 1,
-    "barcode": "199066336168",
-    "asin": "B0DR8Y2YDC",
-    "cover-art-archive": {
-      "artwork": "true",
-      "count": "1",
-      "front": "true",
-      "back": "false"
-    },
-    "label-info-list": [
-      {
-        "catalog-number": "Lilas-020",
-        "label": {
-          "id": "157afde4-4bf5-4039-8ad2-5a15acc85176",
-          "type": "Production",
-          "name": "[no label]",
-          "sort-name": "[no label]",
-          "disambiguation": "Special purpose label – white labels, self-published releases and other “no label” releases",
-          "alias-list": [
-            {
-              "sort-name": "2636621 Records DK",
-              "alias": "2636621 Records DK"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Auto production",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Auto production"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Auto-Edición",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Auto-Edición"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Auto-Product",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Auto-Product"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Autoedición",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Autoedición"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Autoeditado",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Autoeditado"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Autoproduit",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Autoproduit"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "D.I.Y.",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "D.I.Y."
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Demo",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Demo"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "DistroKid",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "DistroKid"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Eigenverlag",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Eigenverlag"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "Eigenvertrieb",
-              "type": "Search hint",
-              "alias": "Eigenvertrieb"
-            },
-            {
-              "sort-name": "GRIND MODE",
-              "alias": "GRIND MODE"
-            },
-            {
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+        "status-id": null,
+        "text-representation": {
+          "language": "eng",
+          "script": "Latn"
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       },
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-        "type-id": "08445ccf-7b99-4438-9f9a-fb9ac18099ee",
-        "target": "https://open.spotify.com/album/3LDV2xGL9HiqCsQujEPQLb",
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-        "type-id": "320adf26-96fa-4183-9045-1f5f32f833cb",
-        "target": "https://music.amazon.co.jp/albums/B0DR8Y2YDC",
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-        "type-id": "320adf26-96fa-4183-9045-1f5f32f833cb",
-        "target": "https://music.apple.com/jp/album/1786972161",
-        "direction": "forward"
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-        "type": "vgmdb",
-        "type-id": "6af0134a-df6a-425a-96e2-895f9cd342ba",
-        "target": "https://vgmdb.net/album/145936",
-        "direction": "forward"
+      "source-credit": "",
+      "target-credit": "",
+      "type": "transl-tracklisting",
+      "type-id": "fc399d47-23a7-4c28-bfcf-0607a562b644"
+    }
+  ],
+  "status": "Official",
+  "status-id": "4e304316-386d-3409-af2e-78857eec5cfe",
+  "tags": [],
+  "text-representation": {
+    "language": "jpn",
+    "script": "Jpan"
+  },
+  "title": "百花繚乱",
+  "url-relations": [
+    {
+      "attribute-ids": {},
+      "attribute-values": {},
+      "attributes": [],
+      "begin": null,
+      "direction": "forward",
+      "end": null,
+      "ended": false,
+      "source-credit": "",
+      "target-credit": "",
+      "type": "amazon asin",
+      "type-id": "4f2e710d-166c-480c-a293-2e2c8d658d87",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "b50c7fb8-2327-4a05-b989-f2211a41afee",
+        "resource": "https://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/product/B0DR8Y2YDC"
       }
-    ],
-    "artist-credit-phrase": "幾田りら"
-  }
+    },
+    {
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+      "attribute-values": {},
+      "attributes": [],
+      "begin": null,
+      "direction": "forward",
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+      "ended": false,
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+      "target-credit": "",
+      "type": "free streaming",
+      "type-id": "08445ccf-7b99-4438-9f9a-fb9ac18099ee",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "5106a7b0-1443-4803-91a2-28cac2cfb5e0",
+        "resource": "https://open.spotify.com/album/3LDV2xGL9HiqCsQujEPQLb"
+      }
+    },
+    {
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+      "direction": "forward",
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+      "target-credit": "",
+      "type": "free streaming",
+      "type-id": "08445ccf-7b99-4438-9f9a-fb9ac18099ee",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "d481d94b-a7bf-4e82-8da0-1757fedcda62",
+        "resource": "https://www.deezer.com/album/687686261"
+      }
+    },
+    {
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "6156d2e4-d107-43f9-8f44-52f04d39c78e",
+        "resource": "https://mora.jp/package/43000011/199066336168/"
+      }
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+      "direction": "forward",
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "a4eabb88-1746-4aa2-ab09-c28cfbe65efb",
+        "resource": "https://mora.jp/package/43000011/199066336168_HD/"
+      }
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+      "direction": "forward",
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "ab8440f0-3b13-4436-b3ad-f4695c9d8875",
+        "resource": "https://mora.jp/package/43000011/199066336168_LL/"
+      }
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+    {
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "9a8ee8d1-f946-44a1-be16-8f7a77c951e9",
+        "resource": "https://music.apple.com/jp/album/1786972161"
+      }
+    },
+    {
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+      "attribute-values": {},
+      "attributes": [],
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "c6faaa80-38fb-46a4-aa2b-78cddc5cbe70",
+        "resource": "https://ototoy.jp/_/default/p/2501951"
+      }
+    },
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "0e7e8bc5-0779-492d-a9db-9ab58f96d23b",
+        "resource": "https://www.qobuz.com/jp-ja/album/lilas-ikuta-/fl9tx2j78reza"
+      }
+    },
+    {
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+      "type": "purchase for download",
+      "type-id": "98e08c20-8402-4163-8970-53504bb6a1e4",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "c0cf8fe0-3413-4544-a026-37d346a59a77",
+        "resource": "https://www.qobuz.com/jp-ja/album/lilas-ikuta-/l1dnc4xoi6l7a"
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+      "url": {
+        "id": "e4ce55a9-a5e1-4842-b42d-11be6a31fdab",
+        "resource": "https://music.amazon.co.jp/albums/B0DR8Y2YDC"
+      }
+    },
+    {
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+      "url": {
+        "id": "9a8ee8d1-f946-44a1-be16-8f7a77c951e9",
+        "resource": "https://music.apple.com/jp/album/1786972161"
+      }
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+      "begin": null,
+      "direction": "forward",
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+      "type": "vgmdb",
+      "type-id": "6af0134a-df6a-425a-96e2-895f9cd342ba",
+      "url": {
+        "id": "1885772a-4004-4d45-9512-d0c8822506c9",
+        "resource": "https://vgmdb.net/album/145936"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
 }
diff --git a/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/pseudo_release.json b/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/pseudo_release.json
index 99fa0b417..ae4bf7b6b 100644
--- a/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/pseudo_release.json
+++ b/test/rsrc/mbpseudo/pseudo_release.json
@@ -1,346 +1,515 @@
 {
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-    "title": "In Bloom",
-    "status": "Pseudo-Release",
-    "quality": "normal",
-    "text-representation": {
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-      "script": "Latn"
-    },
-    "artist-credit": [
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-        "artist": {
-          "id": "55e42264-ef27-49d8-93fd-29f930dc96e4",
-          "type": "Person",
-          "name": "幾田りら",
-          "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
-          "country": "JP",
-          "alias-list": [
+  "aliases": [],
+  "artist-credit": [
+    {
+      "artist": {
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+          {
+            "begin": null,
+            "end": null,
+            "ended": false,
+            "locale": "en",
+            "name": "Lilas Ikuta",
+            "primary": true,
+            "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
+            "type": "Artist name",
+            "type-id": "894afba6-2816-3c24-8072-eadb66bd04bc"
+          }
+        ],
+        "country": "JP",
+        "disambiguation": "",
+        "genres": [
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+            "disambiguation": "",
+            "id": "eba7715e-ee26-4989-8d49-9db382955419",
+            "name": "j-pop"
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+            "disambiguation": "",
+            "id": "455f264b-db00-4716-991d-fbd32dc24523",
+            "name": "singer-songwriter"
+          }
+        ],
+        "id": "55e42264-ef27-49d8-93fd-29f930dc96e4",
+        "name": "幾田りら",
+        "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
+        "tags": [
+          {
+            "count": 1,
+            "name": "j-pop"
+          },
+          {
+            "count": 1,
+            "name": "singer-songwriter"
+          }
+        ],
+        "type": "Person",
+        "type-id": "b6e035f4-3ce9-331c-97df-83397230b0df"
+      },
+      "joinphrase": "",
+      "name": "Lilas Ikuta"
+    }
+  ],
+  "asin": null,
+  "barcode": null,
+  "cover-art-archive": {
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+    "back": false,
+    "count": 0,
+    "darkened": false,
+    "front": false
+  },
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+  "genres": [],
+  "id": "dc3ee2df-0bc1-49eb-b8c4-34473d279a43",
+  "label-info": [],
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+      "format-id": "907a28d9-b3b2-3ef6-89a8-7b18d91d4794",
+      "id": "606faab7-60fa-3a8b-a40f-2c66150cce81",
+      "position": 1,
+      "title": "",
+      "track-count": 1,
+      "track-offset": 0,
+      "tracks": [
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             {
-              "locale": "en",
-              "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
-              "type": "Artist name",
-              "primary": "primary",
-              "alias": "Lilas Ikuta"
+              "artist": {
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+                  {
+                    "begin": null,
+                    "end": null,
+                    "ended": false,
+                    "locale": "en",
+                    "name": "Lilas Ikuta",
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+                    "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
+                    "type": "Artist name",
+                    "type-id": "894afba6-2816-3c24-8072-eadb66bd04bc"
+                  }
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+                "disambiguation": "",
+                "id": "55e42264-ef27-49d8-93fd-29f930dc96e4",
+                "name": "幾田りら",
+                "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
+                "type": "Person",
+                "type-id": "b6e035f4-3ce9-331c-97df-83397230b0df"
+              },
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+              "name": "Lilas Ikuta"
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           ],
-          "alias-count": 1,
-          "tag-list": [
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-            "title": "In Bloom",
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+          "id": "2018b012-a184-49a2-a464-fb4628a89588",
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                 "artist": {
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-                  "type": "Person",
                   "name": "幾田りら",
                   "sort-name": "Ikuta, Lilas",
+                  "type": "Person",
+                  "type-id": "b6e035f4-3ce9-331c-97df-83397230b0df"
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+                  "id": "f24241fb-4d89-4bf2-8336-3f2a7d2c0025",
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+                "type": "arranger",
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+              },
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+                "begin": "2025",
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+                "end": "2025",
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+                "source-credit": "",
+                "target-credit": "Lilas Ikuta",
+                "type": "phonographic copyright",
+                "type-id": "7fd5fbc0-fbf4-4d04-be23-417d50a4dc30"
+              },
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